The Brain

The biological purpose of crying: a scientific exploration

12 September 2023
Alex Schulz

Crying is a natural and everyday human response to various emotions, ranging from sadness and frustration to joy and relief. Although it is sometimes seen as weak or embarrassing, scientific research reveals that crying actually has important biological functions.

Here are the 3 main ones:

1. Stress relief

Crying is more than just an emotional response; it can also serve as an effective means of stress relief. The act of crying involves various biological mechanisms that can help reduce stress and promote emotional well-being.

Firstly, crying helps regulate the physiological response to stress by reducing the levels of stress hormones such as cortisol. When we cry, a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine is released, which in turn inhibits the release of stress hormones. This results in a reduction of the physical symptoms of stress, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, making us feel calmer and more relaxed.

Additionally, crying stimulates the production of endorphins, also known as 'happiness hormones.' Endorphins have pain-relieving and calming effects and can help reduce both physical and emotional pain. By releasing endorphins during crying, we can experience a sense of relief and comfort, even after a stressful event.

Another important aspect of crying is the role of tear fluid itself. Tears contain various chemical substances, including cortisol, which are expelled from the body when we cry. By eliminating these chemical substances, tears can help reduce the physical effects of stress and promote a sense of relief.

2. Reduction of aggression in men

It has long been known that tears can have a powerful effect, not only on the person crying but also on those around them. Interestingly, several studies have shown that the chemical composition of tears, especially those of women, contains hormones that can affect men, including reducing aggression and lowering libido.

Tears have a unique chemical composition that can convey a message. Tears contain various chemical substances, including hormones, proteins, and even stress hormones like cortisol. This chemical composition can change depending on our emotional state, making tears a powerful signal of our inner experiences.

An interesting 2011 study published in the journal Science found that when men inhaled the scent of women's tears, their sexual arousal decreased and their testosterone levels dropped. This suggests that there is a direct physiological response to the chemical composition of tears. The main hormone in women's tears that can cause these effects is prolactin. Prolactin is a hormone naturally found in the body and plays a role in regulating milk production during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Studies have shown that when men come into contact with women's tears, especially in response to emotional stress, aggression is reduced and libido decreases.

3. Communication

Crying is not just an expression of emotion; it is also a form of communication deeply intertwined with our biology. Through tears, we can let others know how we feel and connect on a deeper level. Various biological mechanisms play a role in this form of communication.

People tend to feel empathy when they see others crying, making them more likely to offer support and show solidarity. This can lead to a deeper understanding between individuals and can help strengthen relationships. Research has shown that seeing someone cry can evoke empathy and compassion in others, thereby strengthening social bonds and providing support in times of need.

On a neurological level, tears also play a role in regulating emotions and promoting social behavior. Crying activates different parts of the brain, including the amygdala, the limbic system, and the prefrontal cortex, which are involved in emotion regulation, empathy, and social cognition. These neurological processes help us understand the emotional signals of others and respond to them in an empathetic and supportive way.

Conclusion

So, ladies and gentlemen, it is time to break the stigma around crying. It is perfectly normal and even healthy to shed a tear every now and then. Tears are more than just a sign of sadness; they are an important part of our biological system, designed to help us process emotions, reduce stress, and connect with others. So the next time you find yourself tearing up, remember that it is not only okay to cry, but it also has real biological benefits!